Acid-catalyzed carboxylic acid esterification and ester hydrolysis mechanism: acylium ion as a sharing active intermediate via a spontaneous trimolecular reaction based on density functional theory calculation and supported by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2015, 17,30279-30291
DOI: 10.1039/C5CP02914G, Paper

Hongchang Shi, Yilei Wang, Ruimao Hua
The DFT calculation revealed that acid-catalyzed carboxylic acid esterification and ester hydrolysis are brief two-step reactions.
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